Resources for Start-Ups
Private placements under Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933 remain a critical avenue for capital formation, particularly among early-stage and smaller companies. Despite their exemption from registration, these offerings are not exempt from the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws. Broker-dealers that recommend Regulation D securities must undertake a reasonable investigation into the offering, the issuer, and the surrounding circumstances. This obligation stems from SEC and FINRA rules and is central to satisfying suitability, antifraud, and supervisory compliance requirements. This guide summarizes the regulatory foundation and outlines best practices for broker-dealers conducting due diligence in Regulation D offerings, with particular reference to FINRA Regulatory Notice 10-22.
The SEC’s Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee will convene on July 22, 2025, to revisit two of the most important—yet perennially underdeveloped—components of the U.S. private capital markets: Regulation A and the regulatory treatment of “finders.” Both topics go to the heart of one of the SEC’s toughest policy challenges: how to responsibly expand capital access for small and emerging businesses without sacrificing investor protection.
Formation is often treated like a checkbox, but it’s actually one of the first real strategic choices a founder makes. The right structure helps you raise money, avoid painful surprises, and stay flexible as you grow. This article breaks down what clean formation looks like, when complex structures make sense, and how thoughtful decisions now can save time, money, and stress later.
Early legal strategy is a startup’s secret weapon. In today’s funding climate, investors are scrutinizing structure—not just story. A clean legal foundation signals you're serious, protects value, and can make or break a deal. You don’t need to over-lawyer—but you do need a smart plan.
While there are multiple frameworks available to launch and distribute tokens—including those designed to avoid classification as securities—many of our clients elect to offer tokens as securities for strategic reasons. This can include unlocking broader investor participation, enabling secondary market liquidity, or building long-term institutional trust. Regulation A and Regulation Crowdfunding (Reg CF) are the two primary exemptions that allow for the public issuance of security tokens under U.S. law.
At Anderson P.C., we’re thrilled to announce that we now offer this innovative legal solution to startups. Our fractional GC services are designed to help founders focus on what they do best—building their business—while we handle the legal complexities. If you’re interested in learning more about how fractional General Counsel services can benefit your startup, contact us today.
Special committees have long been a cornerstone of corporate governance, particularly in situations involving conflicts of interest, significant transactions, or internal investigations. Their relevance persists, not just as a response to crises, but as a proactive measure to ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability in decision-making. As corporate transactions become more complex and scrutiny intensifies, the role of special committees remains indispensable.
In moments of crisis, such as allegations of misconduct or conflicts of interest, a company's board of directors must act decisively and transparently. One powerful tool at its disposal is the creation of a special committee to oversee internal investigations. This article explores the mechanics of drafting board resolutions to appoint such committees, leveraging insights and best practices from Anderson P.C., a boutique securities law firm specializing in governance and regulatory matters.
As we step into 2025, artificial intelligence (AI) continues to redefine corporate landscapes, becoming both an asset and a focal point for regulatory scrutiny. In September 2024, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced a significant shift in its Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs (ECCP), highlighting the risks associated with AI technologies. For organizations, this move underscores an urgent need to integrate AI risk management into their compliance frameworks.
Establishing a hedge fund in the United States is a high-stakes, complex undertaking that requires not only a robust investment strategy but also a meticulous approach to legal and regulatory compliance. While the hedge fund world offers lucrative opportunities for those who succeed, it also comes with significant challenges. This handbook is designed to provide you with the most thorough, balanced, and actionable guide available on the internet, offering deep insights into each phase of the process. If you’re serious about starting a hedge fund, this is your essential roadmap.
In the U.S. securities framework, issuers often rely on exemptions like Regulation A and Regulation D to raise capital without registering their offerings. However, certain disqualifying events can bar a company from using these exemptions, particularly if there has been past misconduct involving the issuer, its officers, or significant shareholders. This guide will explore the disqualification rules for exempt offerings, when waivers may be available, and the factors that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) considers when reviewing waiver requests.
A well-maintained cap table is the unsung hero of a successful startup. It’s not just a table—it’s a complete, precise, and evolving record of your company’s ownership structure, from shares and options to complex vesting schedules and SAFE notes. Your cap table reflects each owner’s economic interest, voting rights, and claim to future profits. And when managed correctly, it’s a core asset that keeps your company’s foundations rock-solid, allowing you to focus on growth without fear of surprises or costly fixes down the road.
Embarking on a new business venture is exhilarating, but success in today’s competitive market requires more than just a great idea. Laying the right legal and financial groundwork from the outset can mean the difference between thriving and merely surviving. From choosing the ideal business structure to safeguarding your intellectual property, the right decisions early on protect your assets, attract investors, and set your business on a path to sustainable growth. Here’s a roadmap of 15 critical legal and financial considerations that every entrepreneur should prioritize to create a solid foundation and inspire confidence in stakeholders.
For smaller companies and startups seeking to raise capital, encountering consultants or “finders” who promise to connect them with potential investors is common. While these individuals may offer valuable introductions, companies must carefully consider the legal framework surrounding these services. Engaging unregistered individuals in capital-raising activities can lead to regulatory and legal consequences that can jeopardize the success of the funding round and the company’s future growth. However, a legally compliant path exists for certain “finders” to operate without triggering registration as a broker-dealer.
In a recent enforcement action, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged Destiny Robotics Corp., a start-up specializing in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, along with its founder and CEO, Megi Kavtaradze, for allegedly defrauding investors through false and misleading statements about the company’s operations and products.
For many entrepreneurs, raising capital is a necessary step toward building and scaling a successful business. However, raising capital isn’t just about convincing investors of your company’s potential—it’s also about navigating a complex web of federal and state securities laws. Failing to adhere to these regulations can result in serious consequences, ranging from penalties and rescission rights for investors to long-term barriers that impede your ability to raise funds down the road.
On September 9, 2024, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced settlements with seven public companies for violations of whistleblower protections under Rule 21F-17 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This latest enforcement action underscores the SEC's growing commitment to ensuring whistleblowers can report potential securities violations without fear of retaliation or obstruction. Companies are now called to reassess their policies to comply with these important protections.
On September 20, 2024, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced its intention to seek sanctions against Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX and owner of X (formerly Twitter). This move comes in light of Musk’s failure to comply with a court order to testify regarding his $44 billion acquisition of Twitter. The implications of this case extend beyond Musk himself, raising significant questions about corporate governance, transparency, and the responsibilities of high-profile executives.
In the ever-evolving landscape of modern capital formation, the avenues available to entrepreneurs are both myriad and complex. Navigating the regulatory intricacies of Regulation A (Reg A), Regulation Crowdfunding (Reg CF), and Regulation D (Reg D) transcends mere compliance; it is a strategic imperative that can profoundly shape the trajectory of a business. Each regulatory framework not only delineates specific parameters regarding investor eligibility and funding caps but also carries distinct implications for ongoing disclosure and market engagement.
Determining whether an intermediary operates as a finder or an unregistered broker-dealer is a nuanced and fact-specific inquiry that can present significant challenges. For unwary entrepreneurs, corporate executives, and equity fund sponsors, the stakes are high; engaging a third party that inadvertently crosses the line into broker-dealer territory can result in serious regulatory repercussions.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently charged three former executives of the now-defunct digital pharmacy startup Medly Health Inc. with defrauding investors in a scheme that raised over $170 million. The charges underscore the SEC’s continued focus on corporate malfeasance, particularly within startups seeking capital from investors.
Equity Crowdfunding – Is It Right for Your Company?
Many entrepreneurs exploring funding options ask whether equity crowdfunding is a viable choice. The answer, as with most legal questions, is “it depends.” Equity crowdfunding gained traction with the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act) in 2012, which allowed companies to raise capital from the public without the need for costly SEC registration. However, despite the promising opportunity, this funding approach comes with benefits, regulatory requirements, and significant limitations.
Can You Raise Money from Investors Who Are Not “Accredited Investors”?
One common question from founders is whether they can include non-accredited investors—like friends or family—when raising capital. The quick answers are: “It’s possible, but complicated,” and “You generally shouldn’t unless you’re prepared for the added compliance burden.” Let’s dive into why raising funds from non-accredited investors can be challenging and what regulations apply.
Frequently Asked Questions: Convertible Debt for Startups
I get frequent questions from founders navigating convertible debt for the first time. Convertible debt can be an excellent financing tool, but it’s also complex and nuanced. Here are some of the questions I’m most often asked. Feel free to reach out if there’s something you’d like me to add!
Convertible Debt Basics: A Guide for Startups
Convertible debt is a popular fundraising tool for early-stage companies, offering a flexible way to raise capital without immediate valuation pressures. It combines elements of both debt and equity, providing investors with a note that typically converts into equity upon the company’s next qualifying financing round. Here’s a breakdown of the key features and considerations for startups considering convertible debt.
Post-Incorporation Checklist: 10 Essential Steps for New Startups
Incorporating your business is a milestone, but it’s just the beginning. Once you’ve established your company as a Delaware corporation (or other entity), there are essential next steps that will set your business up for future growth, investment, and compliance. Here’s a checklist to guide you through the critical actions to take after incorporation.
Choosing Between Stock and Options for Service Providers: Establishing a Culture of Ownership
For startups, offering equity to key contributors—whether employees, consultants, or advisors—can be a powerful tool for attracting talent and fostering long-term engagement. However, deciding whether to grant stock or stock options involves strategic considerations, as each has distinct legal, financial, and tax implications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the differences between stock and options, helping companies make informed choices that align with their goals and establish a clear ownership culture.
Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Issuing Stock Options to US Service Providers
For many US startups, stock options are a crucial tool for attracting and retaining talent, incentivizing employees, consultants, and advisors. However, issuing options comes with intricate legal and tax considerations, and missteps can lead to costly complications. Here are five common pitfalls that US companies encounter in the process of granting stock options—and strategies to avoid them.
Structuring Advisor Option Grants: Key Considerations for Startups
For many startups, attracting experienced advisors is an essential step in building expertise and credibility. Advisors bring unique business and technical insights, often lending their time in exchange for equity through option grants. However, structuring these grants effectively can be nuanced, balancing the interests of both the advisor and the company. Here’s a look at some important factors to consider when setting up advisor option grants.
Understanding Key Legal and Financial Terms: A Glossary for Founders and Investors
This glossary serves as a comprehensive resource for founders, investors, and anyone involved in business and legal transactions. Each term is defined with detailed explanations, clarifying its role in corporate governance, venture financing, intellectual property management, and regulatory compliance. While some of these terms may be familiar, others are specific to niche areas like securities law, anti-dilution mechanisms, and fiduciary duties, each carrying significant implications for business strategy and legal obligations.
This article offers a comprehensive examination of the stock options backdating scandal—its mechanics, legal implications, regulatory response, and enduring impact—using illustrative case studies from Research In Motion, Broadcom, and other major players. But more importantly, it offers legal insights and guidance for companies, counsel, and compliance professionals who must navigate the complex intersection of compensation practices, financial reporting obligations, and securities law.